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1 Second Reconstruction
полит разгНазвание периода движения за гражданские права [ civil rights movement] в 1960-е и принятие связанного с ним федерального законодательства. По аналогии с тем, что в результате первой Реконструкции [ Reconstruction] после Гражданской войны [ Civil War] афро-американцы [ Afro-Americans] получили личную свободу, но только спустя столетие им законодательно были предоставлены равные гражданские права с другими гражданами страныEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Second Reconstruction
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2 civil rights movement
Общественное движение, получившее широкое распространение в 50-60-х гг. XX в. и приведшее к принятию Конгрессом США ряда законов в интересах защиты прав граждан. Начало движения относится к 1955, когда в г. Монтгомери, шт. Алабама, была арестована чернокожая швея Роза Паркс [ Parks, Rosa (Lee McCauley)], отказавшаяся сидеть в автобусе на задних местах, как то было предписано местным законом. М. Л. Кинг [ King, Martin Luther, Jr. (MLK)] возглавил общегородской бойкот автобусов [Montgomery bus boycott], ставший первой в серии ненасильственных демонстраций, в конце концов приведших к принятию законов о гражданских правах 1957, 1960 и 1964 годов.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > civil rights movement
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3 filter
1) фильтр || фильтровать2) светофильтр•-
absorbent-type filter
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absorbent filter
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absorbing filter
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absorption filter
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ac line filter
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ac supply filter
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acoustic filter
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acousto-optical filter
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activated carbon filter
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active filter
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active power filter
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adaptive filter
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adaptive notch filter
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additive color filter
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additive filter
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adjustable density filter
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aerolescer pneumatic filter
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aerosol filter
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agile filter
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air filter
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air-conditioning filter
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air-intake filter
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all-dielectric interference filter
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all-pass filter
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all-pole filter
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all-zero filter
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ambient-light filter
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analog filter
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analog postsampling filter
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analog presampling filter
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anion-exchange filter
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antialiasing filter
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antialias filter
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aperture filter
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ash-free filter
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attenuator filter
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audio band-pass filter
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auto filter
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automatic drain filter
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bacterial filter
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bacteriological filter
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bag filter
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balanced filter
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band split filter
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band vacuum filter
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band-elimination filter
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band-exclusion filter
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band-limited filter
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band-pass filter
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band-rejection filter
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band-selective filter
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band-stop filter
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bandwidth filter
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bath filter
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beacon filter
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beat-interference filter
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belt filter
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bilithic filter
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binary filter
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biological filter
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blanket filter
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blue filter
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branching filter
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bridge filter
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broadband filter
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Butters filter
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Butterworth filter
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bypass filter
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bypass hydraulic filter
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candle filter
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canonical recursive filter
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capacitive filter
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capacitor filter
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cartridge filter
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cation-exchange filter
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Cauer filter
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cavity band-pass filter
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cavity filter
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cavity-coupled filter
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centrifugal air filter
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centrifugal filter
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centrifugal oil filter
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ceramic filter
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channel bank filter
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channel filter
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channel separating filter
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channel television filter
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Chebyshev filter
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chirp filter
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choke filter
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chroma filter
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chrominance notch filter
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click filter
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clogged filter
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cloth filter
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clutter suppression filter
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clutter filter
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C-message filter
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coalescing filter
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coarse filter
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coarse fuel filter
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coarse-grained filter
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coarse-mesh filter
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coaxial direct coupled resonator filter
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coaxial filter
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color filter
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color-balancing filter
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color-compensating filter
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color-correcting filter
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color-encoding filter
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color-separation filter
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color-stripe filter
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color-subcarrier notch filter
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color-trimming filter
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comb filter
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combined fuel filter
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compensating filter
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compensation filter
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contact filter
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continuously variable filter
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convolution filter
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correcting filter
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correction filter
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cross coupling filter
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crystal filter
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cyan filter
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dark-room filter
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dechirping filter
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decimation filter
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decision-feedback filter
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decoupling filter
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deemphasis filter
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deer-skin filter
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dehydrator filter
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delay-line filter
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depth filter
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detarring filter
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dewatering filter
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dielectric filter
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dielectric resonator filter
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diesel and fuel-oil filter
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digital elliptic filter
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digital filter
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digital matched filter
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digitally controlled filter
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discrete filter
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discrete-time linear filter
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discrimination filter
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disk filter
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disk vacuum filter
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dispersion filter
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dispersive filter
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disposable element filter
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disposable hydraulic filter
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distributed-constant filter
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distributed-element filter
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Doppler filter
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downward-flow filter
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drainage filter
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drum filter
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drum vacuum filter
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dry electrical filter
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dry filter
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drying filter
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dual hydraulic filter
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dual-split filter
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duplex filter
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dust filter
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easy-off filter
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edge-type disk filter
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effects filter
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electric filter
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electromechanical filter
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electronically tunable filter
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elimination filter
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elliptic filter
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enhancement filter
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enlarging filter
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envelope filter
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equalized filter
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equiripple filter
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externally mounted filter
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extraripple filter
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fabric filter
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fan filter
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feedback filter
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feedthrough filter
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ferrite-tunable filter
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fiberglass filter
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fibrous filter
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film filter
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final filter
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fine fuel filter
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finite-duration impulse-response filter
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finite impulse-response filter
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fixed target rejection filter
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fixed-frequency filter
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fixed filter
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float drain filter
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fog filter
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frequency filter
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frequency-selective filter
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front-end filter
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fuel filter
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fuel primary filter
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full-flow filter
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full-flow powdered ion-exchange filter
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Gaussian filter
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gauze filter
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gelatin filter
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generating filter
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glass filter
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glovebox filter
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graded filter
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gravel filter
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gravel packed filter
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gravel-sand filter
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gravitation filter
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gravity filter
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gray filter
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grease filter
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guard filter
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gyrator filter
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harmonic filter
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H-cation filter
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heat filter
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heavy oil filter
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HEPA filter
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high-cut filter
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high-frequency filter
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high-pass filter
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high-pressure filter
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high-rate filter
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high-temperature filter
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holographic filter
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hose air-jet filter
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hose pressure filter
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hose suction filter
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hot filter
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hum-eliminating filter
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hum filter
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hydraulic filter
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I filter
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IIR filter
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image-deblurring filter
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image-reflection filter
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impingement filter
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inductive filter
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infinite-duration impulse-response filter
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infinite impulse-response filter
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infrared filter
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in-line filter
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input filter
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insert filter
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intake filter
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in-tank filter
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integral oil filter
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integrate-and-dump filter
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integrating filter
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interdigital filter
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interference filter
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intermediate-frequency filter
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interpolation filter
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inverse filter
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inverted filter
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ion-exchange filter
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isolation filter
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jet filter
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Kalman filter
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keying filter
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ladder-type filter
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ladder filter
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lag filter
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lattice filter
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leapfrog filter
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light filter
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line filter
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linear filter
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loop filter
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low-cut filter
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low-frequency filter
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low-pass filter
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low-pass sampling filter
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low-pass zonal filter
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low-pressure filter
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low-rate filter
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L-type hydraulic filter
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lubrication filter
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lumped-constant filter
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lumped-element filter
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magnetic filter
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mandrel wrap filter
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mantle filter
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mash filter
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mass filter
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matched filter
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matching filter
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maximal ripple filter
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maximally-flat filter
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mechanical-wave filter
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mechanical filter
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membrane filter
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meshwire filter
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mesh filter
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metal disk fuel filter
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micronic filter
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microstrip filter
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microwave filter
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millipore filter
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mineral filter
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minimum-delay filter
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minimum-phase filter
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mirror filter
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mismatched filter
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mist filter
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mode filter
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modular hydraulic filter
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modulation filter
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monopole mass filter
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mosaic filter
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multibag filter
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multiband filter
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multicavity microwave filter
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multiple resonator filter
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multisection filter
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multistage filter
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narrow-band filter
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neutral-density filter
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neutral filter
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neutralizing filter
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never stop filter
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night filter
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noise filter
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nonclogging filter
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nonlinear filter
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nonminimum phase filter
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nonrecursive filter
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North matching filter
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notch filter
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nutsch filter
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octave filter
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oil bath filter
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oil filter
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oil-bath air filter
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one-pole filter
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on-line installable filter
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optical filter
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output filter
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outside-in filter
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pack filter
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paper filter
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partial flow filter
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partial flow hydraulic filter
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pass-band filter
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passive filter
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percolating filter
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percolation filter
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phase filter
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pilot filter
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pipeless filter
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pi-section filter
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plate-type filter
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plate filter
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plugged filter
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polarization filter
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polarizing filter
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polaroid filter
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pole-zero filter
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porous metal filter
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postdigitizing filter
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postemphasis filter
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postequalization filter
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postsampling filter
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powder filter
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power-line filter
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precoat filter
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prediction filter
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predictive-error filter
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predigitizing filter
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preliminary filter
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presampling filter
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pressure filter
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pressure line filter
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primary filter
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prime filter
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programmable filter
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proportional filter
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psophometric filter
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pulse-compression filter
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pulse-jet filter
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purified-helium dust filter
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Q filter
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quad filter
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quadrature mirror filter
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quadrupole mass filter
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quartz filter
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quick removal filter
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rapid filter
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reconstruction filter
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rectifier filter
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recursive filter
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rejection filter
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repulp filter
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resonant filter
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return filter
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return oil filter
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reverse filter
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RF filter
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ripple filter
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roll-off filter
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rotary filter
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safety filter
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sampled-data filter
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sand filter
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SAW filter
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scatter filter
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screen filter
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screw-in filter
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scrubber filter
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scrubbing filter
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second order damped filter
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secondary air filter
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secondary filter
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security filter
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selective filter
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self-aligning filter
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self-blowing drum filter
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self-cleaning filter
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self-tuning filter
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separation filter
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sewage filter
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shaping filter
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sharp-cutoff filter
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shunt filter
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sideband filter
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signal-separation filter
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silica gel filter
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sintered filter
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sintered glass filter
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sintered metal filter
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smoke filter
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smoothing filter
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sniffing filter
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softening filter
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solid-state filter
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spatial filter
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spatiotemporal filter
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sponge filter
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standard-rate filter
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star filter
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state-variable filter
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stop-band
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streamline filter
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striped-color filter
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striped filter
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strip-line filter
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submersible filter
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subtractive color filter
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subtractive filter
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suction filter
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suppression filter
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surface-acoustic-wave filter
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swept filter
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switched-capacitor filter
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synchronous filter
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synthetic fiber dust filter
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tapped-delay line filter
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telltale filter
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textile filter
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Thomson filter
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through filter
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throw-away filter
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time-varying filter
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toe filter
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total filter
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tracking filter
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transmission filter
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transparency filter
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transversal filter
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trickling filter
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tricolor filters
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trimming filter
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T-type hydraulic filter
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tubular cloth filter
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tunable filter
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tuned filter
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two-stage hydraulic filter
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ultraviolet filter
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unmatched filter
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vacuum filter
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variable band-pass filter
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variable density filter
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variable filter
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velocity filter
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ventilation filter
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vestigial sideband filter
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video filter
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viscous filter
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voice filter
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wadding filter
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wash hydraulic filter
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water filter
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wave filter
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waveguide direct coupled resonator filter
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waveguide filter
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wedge interference filter
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weighting filter
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weight filter
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wet electrical filter
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wet filter
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whitening filter
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wide-band filter
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Wiener filter
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wire mesh filter
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wire screen filter
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YIG filter
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zero-memory filter
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zonal filter -
4 error
1) ошибка; погрешность2) рассогласование; сигнал рассогласования3) отклонение; расхождение; невязка•- error in subtraction
- errors in variables
- error of measurement
- error of position
- error of the first kind
- error of the second kind
- absolute error
- accidental error
- accumulated error
- accuracy error
- actual error
- admissible error
- aliasing error
- alignment error
- alpha-error
- altering error
- angular error
- antenna tilt error
- associated error
- asymptotic standard error
- autoregressive errors
- average error
- beam pointing error
- beamwidth error
- bearing error
- beta-error
- biased error
- bit error
- boresight error
- burst error
- can't happen error
- channel errors
- checksum error
- chip error
- circular probable error
- closing error
- closure error
- CMOS checksum error
- code error
- coefficient standard error
- common error
- common-mode error
- compile time error
- conformance error
- connectivity error
- constant error
- contributory error
- copying error
- correctable error
- course error
- cratered error
- critical error
- crude error
- curved-path error
- data error
- data-boundary error
- decoding error
- double error
- design error
- detectable error
- deterministic error
- disk error
- dropout error
- dynamic error
- electrostatic error
- equilibrium error
- essential error
- estimation error
- experimental error
- fatal error
- FDD controller error
- fencepost error
- fixed error
- floating point error
- floppy disk controller error
- forecast error
- fractional error
- framing error
- full-scale error
- generalization error
- geometric errors
- grammatical error
- grouping error
- guidance error
- hard error
- hard disk controller error
- hardware error
- HDD controller error
- heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent standard error
- heteroscedasticity consistent standard error
- homophone error
- human error
- hysteresis error
- identification error
- image reconstruction error
- implementation error
- inherent error
- inherited error
- input/output error
- instrumental error
- intentional error
- intermittent error
- interpolation error
- introduced error
- ionosphere error
- keyboard error
- keyboarding error
- lateral tracking angle error
- linearity error
- literal error
- l-multiple error
- loading error
- logic error
- logical error
- loop error
- machine error
- marginal error
- matching error
- mean error
- mean absolute percentage error
- mean-root-square error
- mean-squared error
- measurement error
- memory parity error
- meter error
- metering error
- minimum-mean-square error
- mismatch error
- moving-average errors
- multiple error
- Newey-West standard error
- nondetectable error
- nonrecoverable error
- nonrecoverable read errors per bits read
- numeric error
- observable error
- observational error
- octantal error
- off-board parity error
- off-by-one error
- omission error
- on-board parity error
- one-multiple error
- operator error
- output error
- parity error
- permanent error
- permissible error
- personal error
- phase error
- pointing error
- polarization error
- positional error
- positioning error
- prediction error
- predictive error
- printer's error
- probable error
- processing error
- programming error
- program-sensitive error
- propagated error
- propagation error
- propagation-velocity error
- pulse-duration error
- quadrantal error
- quantization error
- random error
- range error
- range-rate error
- read error
- recoverable error
- recoverable read errors per bits read
- recurrent error
- reflection error
- registration error
- relative error
- repeatability error
- repetitive error
- residual error
- resolution error
- response error
- resultant error
- RMS error
- root-mean-square error
- rounding error
- round-off error
- run-time error
- sample error
- sampling error
- seek error
- seek errors per seek
- select error
- semantic error
- sequence error
- severe error
- ship error
- sighting error
- single error
- site error
- sky error
- sky-wave station error
- smoothing error
- socket error
- soft error
- software error
- specification error
- spelling error
- spot-size error
- square error
- standard error
- static error
- statistical error
- stationary error
- status error
- steady-state error
- step-and-repeat error
- stochastic error
- subjective error
- sum-squared error
- synchronization error
- syntax error
- system error
- systematic error
- tape-speed error
- target error
- temporary error
- terminal error
- terrain error
- tilt error
- timeout error
- timing error
- tolerated error
- topological error
- total error
- tracking error
- transient error
- transmission errors
- truncation error
- tuning error
- type I-error
- type II error
- typographic error
- unbiased error
- uncorrectable data error
- undefined error
- undetectable error
- unrecoverable error
- velocity error
- vertical tracking angle error
- white noise errors
- White standard error
- write error
- write-protect error
- zero error
- zero-drift error -
5 error
1) ошибка; погрешность2) рассогласование; сигнал рассогласования3) отклонение; расхождение; невязка•- accidental error
- accumulated error
- accuracy error
- actual error
- admissible error
- aliasing error
- alignment error
- alpha-error
- altering error
- angular error
- antenna tilt error
- associated error
- asymptotic standard error
- autoregressive errors
- average error
- beam pointing error
- beamwidth error
- bearing error
- beta-error
- biased error
- bit error
- boresight error
- burst error
- can't happen error
- channel errors
- checksum error
- chip error
- circular probable error
- closing error
- closure error
- CMOS checksum error
- code error
- coefficient standard error
- common error
- common-mode error
- compile time error
- conformance error
- connectivity error
- constant error
- contributory error
- copying error
- correctable error
- course error
- cratered error
- critical error
- crude error
- curved-path error
- data error
- data-boundary error
- decoding error
- design error
- detectable error
- deterministic error
- disk error
- double error
- dropout error
- dynamic error
- electrostatic error
- equilibrium error
- error in addition
- error in subtraction
- error of measurement
- error of position
- error of the first kind
- error of the second kind
- errors in variables
- essential error
- estimation error
- experimental error
- fatal error
- FDD controller error
- fencepost error
- fixed error
- floating point error
- floppy disk controller error
- forecast error
- fractional error
- framing error
- full-scale error
- generalization error
- geometric errors
- grammatical error
- grouping error
- guidance error
- hard disk controller error
- hard error
- hardware error
- HDD controller error
- heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent standard error
- heteroscedasticity consistent standard error
- homophone error
- human error
- hysteresis error
- identification error
- image reconstruction error
- implementation error
- inherent error
- inherited error
- input/output error
- instrumental error
- intentional error
- intermittent error
- interpolation error
- introduced error
- ionosphere error
- keyboard error
- keyboarding error
- lateral tracking angle error
- linearity error
- literal error
- l-multiple error
- loading error
- logic error
- logical error
- loop error
- machine error
- marginal error
- matching error
- mean absolute percentage error
- mean error
- mean-root-square error
- mean-squared error
- measurement error
- memory parity error
- meter error
- metering error
- minimum-mean-square error
- mismatch error
- moving-average errors
- multiple error
- Newey-West standard error
- nondetectable error
- nonrecoverable error
- nonrecoverable read errors per bits read
- numeric error
- observable error
- observational error
- octantal error
- off-board parity error
- off-by-one error
- omission error
- on-board parity error
- one-multiple error
- operator error
- output error
- parity error
- permanent error
- permissible error
- personal error
- phase error
- pointing error
- polarization error
- positional error
- positioning error
- prediction error
- predictive error
- printer's error
- probable error
- processing error
- programming error
- program-sensitive error
- propagated error
- propagation error
- propagation-velocity error
- pulse-duration error
- quadrantal error
- quantization error
- random error
- range error
- range-rate error
- read error
- recoverable error
- recoverable read errors per bits read
- recurrent error
- reflection error
- registration error
- relative error
- repeatability error
- repetitive error
- residual error
- resolution error
- response error
- resultant error
- RMS error
- root-mean-square error
- rounding error
- round-off error
- run-time error
- sample error
- sampling error
- seek error
- seek errors per seek
- select error
- semantic error
- sequence error
- severe error
- ship error
- sighting error
- single error
- site error
- sky error
- sky-wave station error
- smoothing error
- socket error
- soft error
- software error
- specification error
- spelling error
- spot-size error
- square error
- standard error
- static error
- stationary error
- statistical error
- status error
- steady-state error
- step-and-repeat error
- stochastic error
- subjective error
- sum-squared error
- synchronization error
- syntax error
- system error
- systematic error
- tape-speed error
- target error
- temporary error
- terminal error
- terrain error
- tilt error
- timeout error
- timing error
- tolerated error
- topological error
- total error
- tracking error
- transient error
- transmission errors
- truncation error
- tuning error
- type I error
- type II error
- typographic error
- unbiased error
- uncorrectable data error
- undefined error
- undetectable error
- unrecoverable error
- velocity error
- vertical tracking angle error
- white noise errors
- White standard error
- write error
- write-protect error
- zero error
- zero-drift errorThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > error
-
6 Virginia
IШтат на востоке США, в группе Южно-Атлантических штатов [ South Atlantic States]. Официальное название Содружество Вирджиния [Commonwealth of Virginia]. Площадь 110,7 тыс. кв. км. Население - 7 млн. человек (2000). Столица Ричмонд [ Richmond]. Крупнейшие города - Алегзандрия [ Alexandria], Вирджиния-Бич [ Virginia Beach], Линчберг [ Lynchburg], Норфолк [ Norfolk], Ньюпорт-Ньюс [ Newport News], Портсмут [ Portsmouth], Роанок [ Roanoke], Хэмптон [ Hampton], Чесапик [ Chesapeake]. На востоке штат имеет выход к Атлантическому океану; полуостров Делмарва [ Delmarva Peninsula] отделен от основной территории штата Чесапикским заливом [ Chesapeake Bay]. На юге граничит со штатами Северная Каролина [ North Carolina] и Теннесси [ Tennessee]; на северо-востоке со штатом Мэриленд [ Maryland], на северо-западе с Западной Вирджинией [ West Virginia], на западе с Кентукки [ Kentucky]. Восточная часть штата, включая полуостров Делмарва, представляет собой заболоченную во многих местах низменность. К западу от побережья расположено невысокое холмистое плато Пидмонт [ Piedmont Plateau], расширяющееся к границе с Северной Каролиной, и Линия водопадов [ Fall Line]. Западная часть штата лежит в районе Аппалачских гор [ Appalachian Mountains], в состав которых входят плато Камберленд [ Cumberland Plateau] и Голубой хребет [ Blue Ridge], в том числе высшая точка штата гора Роджерс [ Rogers, Mount]. Наиболее крупные реки - Потомак [ Potomac River], Раппахэннок [ Rappahannock River], Джеймс [ James River], Шенандоа [ Shenandoah River] и Роанок [ Roanoke River]. На юго-востоке штата находится заболоченный район Дисмал [ Dismal Swamp] с оз. Драммонд [Drummond, Lake] в центре. Около 2/3 территории штата покрыто лесами. Климат умеренный, влажный, с жарким летом и мягкой зимой. Важнейшие виды полезных ископаемых - уголь, камень, песок, добыча которых ведется в основном в районе Аппалачей; имеются небольшие запасы нефти и газа. Государственный сектор является ведущим источником доходов для вирджинцев: многие жители штата работают в федеральных учреждениях в Вашингтоне или связаны с вооруженными силами. В штате размещены крупные военные и военно-морские базы. Развитие промышленности, начавшееся в 1840-е, было задержано Гражданской войной [ Civil War], но ускорилось к концу века, особенно вырос объем производства после второй мировой войны. Ныне наибольшую роль играют табачная, химическая, резиновая, пищевая и машиностроительная промышленность, включая производство электрооборудования и транспортное машиностроение. Промышленность сконцентрирована в крупных городах штата. Значительную роль играет деревообработка и связанные с ней отрасли, прежде всего производство мебели. Важное место занимают также туризм и сфера услуг. К основным сельскохозяйственным культурам относятся табак, кукуруза, соя, яблоки (в долине р. Шенандоа). Более половины стоимости товарной продукции сельского хозяйства составляет продукция животноводства, в котором преобладают крупный рогатый скот и овцеводство. Развито птицеводство; округ Рокингем [Rockingham County] - ведущий в США по производству мяса индеек. Вирджиния один из лидеров в рыболовстве и добыче продуктов моря (сельдь, крабы, устрицы). В штате развитой транспорт, в том числе сеть шоссейных и железных дорог. Хэмптон-Роудс [ Hampton Roads] - один из главных портов страны. В штате находятся обслуживающие г. Вашингтон и его пригороды аэропорты: Даллеса и Национальный [ Dulles International Airport, National Airport]. Штат имеет богатую событиями историю колониального периода [ Virginia Colony]; 25 июня 1788 Вирджиния стала десятым по счету и крупнейшим из первых тринадцати штатов США [ Thirteen Colonies]. После Войны за независимость [ Revolutionary War] Вирджиния долгое время играла ведущую роль в общественно-политической жизни молодого государства, внеся свой вклад в создание его конституционных основ и дав ему восемь президентов и плеяду видных политиков (одно из официальных прозвищ [ official nickname] штата - Колыбель президентов [ Mother of Presidents]). Так называемая Вирджинская резолюция [Virginia Resolution], составленная в 1798 Дж. Мэдисоном [ Madison, James], наряду с кентуккийской [ Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions] создала почву для широкого обсуждения в стране вопроса о правах штатов [ states' rights]. Экономика сельскохозяйственного штата с преобладаем монокультуры хлопка упрочила здесь институт рабства, но после восстания под предводительством Н. Тернера [ Nat Turner's Rebellion] (1831) законодательное собрание штата было близко к отмене рабства; на западе штата традиционно были сильны аболиционистские настроения. Перед Гражданской войной одним из знаменательных событий в конфликте Севера и Юга стал поход Дж. Брауна [ Brown, John] на Харперс-Ферри (1859). 25 апреля 1861 штат официально вступил в состав Конфедерации [ Confederate States of America], а Ричмонд стал ее столицей. В 1863 от штата отделилась западная часть, которая стала самостоятельным штатом Западная Вирджиния. Вирджиния фактически стала основной ареной масштабных и кровопролитных сражений войны, в том числе битв при Бул-Ране [ Bull Run, First Battle of, Bull Run, Second Battle of], Питерсберге [Petersburg, Battles of], Фредериксберге [ Fredericksburg, Battle of], на Полуострове [ Peninsular Campaign] и в долине Шенандоа [ Shenandoah Valley Campaigns]. В ней же был положен и конец войне: 9 апреля 1865 в поселке Аппоматокс [ Appomattox Court House] генерал Р. Ли [ Lee, Robert Edward] подписал документ о капитуляции. В период Реконструкции [ Reconstruction] во главе штата стояли радикальные республиканцы [ Radical Republicans]. Вирджиния была вновь принята в состав Союза в 1870. Начиная с 1880-х власть принадлежала преимущественно консервативным демократам, занимавшим высшие посты в период 1885-1969. На протяжении нескольких десятилетий главной политической фигурой штата был его губернатор (1926-33), а затем сенатор (1933-65) от Вирджинии Г. Бирд [Byrd, Harry Flood]. 1950-е ознаменованы конфликтами с федеральными властями, вызванными сопротивлением десегрегации [ integration], которое выражалось главным образом в закрытии десегрегированных "сверху" государственных школ. Провал этого противодействия и признание неконституционным подушного избирательного налога [ poll tax] привели к изменениям результатов выборов. В 1967 впервые с 1891 в законодательное собрание штата был избран негр, а в 1969 впервые со времен Реконструкции штат возглавил губернатор-республиканец. В 1989 впервые в истории США на пост губернатора штата был избран афро-американец Л. Уайлдер [ Wilder, Lawrence Douglas]. В течение трех последних десятилетий вирджинцы преимущественно голосуют за республиканцев. Законодательное собрание корнями связано с созданной в 1619 колониальной Палатой горожан [House of Burgesses].II разгПервые плантации табака появились в колонии Вирджиния [ Virginia Colony] в начале XVII в. по инициативе Дж. Рольфа [ Rolfe, John]. Штат до сих пор лидирует по выращиванию табака и производству табачных изделий -
7 work
1. n1) работа; труд; дело2) место работы; должность, занятие3) действие, функционирование4) изделие; изделия, продукция5) заготовка; обрабатываемое изделие6) pl завод, фабрика, мастерские7) pl инженерное сооружение
- actual work
- additional work
- adjustment work
- administrative work
- agency work
- agricultural work
- aircraft works
- ancillary work
- art work
- artistic work
- assembly work
- auditing work
- auxiliary work
- building works
- casual work
- civil work
- civil engineering works
- clerical work
- commercial work
- commission work
- commissioning work
- construction works
- contract work
- contractor's works
- daily work
- day work
- day-to-day work
- decorating work
- decoration work
- defective work
- design work
- double-shift work
- efficient work
- engineering work
- engineering works
- field work
- fine work
- finishing work
- full-capacity work
- full-time work
- future work
- hand work
- heavy engineering works
- high-class work
- highly mechanized work
- highly skilled work
- hired work
- incentive work
- installation work
- integrated works
- intellectual work
- iron and steel works
- joint work
- laboratory work
- labour-intensive work
- lorry works
- low-paid work
- machine work
- maintenance work
- maker's works
- managerial work
- manual work
- manufacturer's works
- mechanical work
- metallurgical works
- mounting work
- multishift work
- night work
- nonshift work
- office work
- one-shift work
- on-site work
- outdoor work
- outstanding work
- overtime work
- packing work
- paid work
- paper work
- partial work
- part-time work
- patent work
- permanent work
- piece work
- planned work
- planning work
- practical work
- preliminary work
- preparatory work
- productive work
- reconstruction work
- regular work
- remedial work
- repair work
- rescue work
- research work
- routine work
- rush work
- rythmical work
- salvage work
- satisfactory work
- scheduled work
- scientific work
- seasonal work
- second-shift work
- serial work
- service work
- shift work
- short-time work
- smooth work
- spare-time work
- stevedore work
- stevedoring work
- subcontract work
- subcontractor's works
- subsidiary work
- survey and research work
- task work
- team work
- temporary work
- testing work
- time work
- two-shift work
- unhealthy work
- unskilled work
- wage work
- well-paid work
- work according to the book
- work at normal working hours
- work at piece rates
- work at time rates
- work by contract
- work by hire
- work by the piece
- work by the rules
- work for hire
- work in process
- work in progress
- works of art
- work of development
- work of equipment
- work of an exhibition
- work on a contract
- work on a contractual basis
- work on hand
- work on a project
- work on schedule
- work on the site
- work under way
- ex works
- out of work
- fit for work
- unfit for work
- work done
- work performed
- accept work
- accomplish work
- alter work
- assess work
- be at work
- be behind with one's work
- begin work
- bill work
- be on short time work
- be thrown out of work
- carry out work
- cease work
- close down the works
- commence work
- complete work
- control work
- coordinate work
- correct work
- do work
- employ on work
- entrust with work
- evaluate work
- execute work
- expedite work
- finalize work
- finish work
- fulfil work
- get work
- get down to work
- give out work by contract
- go ahead with work
- hold up work
- improve work
- inspect work
- insure work
- interfere with work
- interrupt work
- leave off work
- look for work
- organize work
- pay for work
- perform work
- postpone work
- proceed with work
- provide work
- put off work
- rate work
- rectify defective work
- reject work
- remedy defective work
- resume work
- retire from work
- speed up work
- start work
- step up work
- stop work
- superintend work
- supervise work
- suspend work
- take over work
- take up work
- terminate work
- undertake work2. v1) работать2) действовать, функционировать3) обрабатывать
- work off
- work out
- work over
- work overtime
- work to rule
- work up
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